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Strukturně funkční charakteristika průduchů jmelí bílého (Viscum album L.) a jeho hostitele lípy (Tilia sp.)
Bělíček, Dominik
This thesis deals with a comparison of the morphology of the stomata of the hemiparasite European mistletoe (Viscum album L.) and its host lime tree (Tilia sp.) in the context of physiological parameters such as water potential, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis, in order to understand the relationship between the two species. The research was carried out at the Ústřední hřbitov in Brno. Here, 10 infested and 10 uninfested lime trees were selected. During the summer of 2022, varnish impressions were taken from the leaves of lime and mistletoe trees and then all physiological parameters were measured. It was found that mistletoe infestation had almost no significant effect on both the morphology and physiology of lime tree leaves. Furthermore, it was shown that mistletoe has more smaller stomata than linden. It has been shown that although mistletoe has a higher stomatal conductance, the photosynthetic rate is the same for both species, thus the water use efficiency of mistletoe is much lower. It was confirmed that mistletoe, as a hemiparasite, has a much lower water potential than the host. Although this information helps to understand this interrelationship, it also results in further uncertainties worth to investigate in future.
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Otestování vlivu termínu aplikace růstových stimulátorů na efektivitu obrany dřevin vůči hemiparazitické rostlině jmelí bílé Viscum album L.
Javorský, David
This thesis focuses on finding the appropriate timing for the use of chemical defences to eradicate white mistletoe (Viscum album L.) using growth regulators designed for plant protection. The thesis is divided into two main parts, namely, the literature review related to the problem addressed and the practical implementation of the research. In the research, two growth regulators were applied in a regular interval of fourteen days between November and March. The results of this work, the showed effectiveness of the application of growth regulators used for mistletoe eradication in February. The efficacy of the two chemical agents used is different 73 % and 92 % over the entire period under study.
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Influence of avian Plasmodium on their hosts
Dulavová, Kristýna ; Svobodová, Milena (advisor) ; Vinkler, Michal (referee)
Avian malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium are unicellular (and intracellular) protozoans of the group Haemospororida, using a blood-sucking insect (mosquito) as a vector and a bird as a vertebrate host. The effects of this disease, together with avian pox, have greatly influenced endemic populations of Hawaiian birds after introduction of a suitable vector to the islands by a human hand, leading to a drastic extinction of bird species; most of the remaining Hawaiian endemic species are now endangered. Apart from that, avian malaria is distributed nearly all over the world, infecting a variety of different hosts. This thesis is focused on the influence of avian malaria parasites mainly on their avian hosts. The most severe patologies caused by Plasmodium are associated with blood stages causing serious anemia in birds. More pathologies are connected with exoerythrocytic stages in the endothelial cells in various organs and are accompanied with external signs such as lethargy, respiratory distress, weakness, inappetence, sometimes weight loss and so on; different plasmodium species-bird host combinations have different outcomes. An interesting issue is the emerging tolerance against avian malaria in Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens), a species occupying low elevation areas of Hawaiian...
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Supply of Accommodation Services by Means of Shared Accommodation in the Tourist Region Česká Kanada (Bohemian Canada)
SVOBODOVÁ, Tereza
The diploma thesis is focused on shared accommodation in the tourist area of Czech Canada. The aim is to evaluate selected factors of competitiveness of the offer of shared accommodation services with regard to the location of tourism attractions and the offer of accommodation facilities. The data was obtained from the created Accommodation Database and the Airbnb portal. It was found out how many objects of shared accommodation are located in the tourist area of Czech Canada and analyzed their distance from the attractions of tourism against official accommodation. Selected competitiveness factors were evaluated first with respect to all objects and official accommodation facilities, and then within 20 kilometers of the selected attractions. The price was also analysed and the biggest perceived benefits of shared accommodation were identified. The outputs of the analyses and the own observation in the issue enabled the elaboration of proposals and recommendations leading to a possible increase in the competitiveness of shared accommodation in the Czech Canada tourist area.
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Evolution of molecular interaction between host and parasite
Bílková, Barbora ; Vinkler, Michal (advisor) ; Synek, Petr (referee)
Coevolution between host and parasite is a long-term object of scientific interest, mostly because of negative influence of parasites and human need to defend against it., The evidence concerning host-parasite coevolution mechanisms is, however, still incomplete and various models and theories are considered separately, out of the general concept. Beside generally well-known theories such as the "Red queen" theory or the coevolution "arms race" theory, several other models were proposed, e.g. the "gene for gene" model or the "matching allele" model, which describe detailed aspects of host-parasite coevolution and principles of genetic variability maintenance in their interaction. Although there are many studies mapping reciprocal evolution of hosts and parasites, the connection between empirical evidence and theoretical models is often missing. Therefore, this thesis covers theory on host-parasite evolutionary interactions and provides examples of host-parasite systems and molecules, which correspond to behavior of described models.
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Transfer of genetic information between parasite and its host
Soukal, Petr ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Votýpka, Jan (referee)
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is considered a rare evolutionary event. It can take place between unrelated organisms that coexist in an intimate symbiotic relationship. Such relationship have some parasites with its host. HGT between eukaryotic parasite and its host was identified in some holoparazitic and hemiparazitic plants, the most important human protozoan parasites, microsporidias, human blood-flukes, parasitoids and fruit flies.
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